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Why is insulin not administered orally to a diabetic patient?

  Why is insulin not administered orally to a diabetic patient?

    ● Insulin is bitter in taste
    ● Insulin is peptide
    ●  Insulin will lead to a sudden decrease in blood sugar if given orally
    ● Insulin leads to peptic ulcer if given orally
    ● Insulin cannot be taken by mouth because it is digestible. Oral insulin would be obliterated in the stomach, long before it reached the bloodstream where it is needed. Once injected, it starts to work and is used up in a matter of hours.

                      Insulin is a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of the pancreas, where beta cells are stimulated by the high sugar levels in the blood and release insulin, which is helpful for the absorption of glucose from to the organs and skeletal muscle tissues.


Diabetes

       Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly known as just diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time. Diabetes is a very common disease among the adult people .This is becoming the major cause of death and disability. To treat diabetes different antidiabetic drugs prescribed by the doctors and prescribers. 
The three main types of diabetes are:

               ● type 1 diabetes
               ●type 2 diabetes
               ●gestational diabetes

Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is believed to be an autoimmune condition. This means your immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the beta cells in your pancreas that produce insulin. The damage is permanent.

What prompts the attacks isn’t clear. There may be both genetic and environmental reasons. Lifestyle factors aren’t thought to play a role.

Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes starts as insulin resistance. This means your body can’t use insulin efficiently. That stimulates your pancreas to produce more insulin until it can no longer keep up with demand. Insulin production decreases, which leads to high blood sugar.

The exact cause of type 2 diabetes is unknown. Contributing factors may include: genetics,lack of exercise,being overweight,there may also be other health factors and environmental reasons.

Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes is due to insulin-blocking hormones produced during pregnancy. This type of diabetes only occurs during pregnancy.

Symptoms of diabetes 

       ● Increased thirst and urination
       ● Increased hunger
       ● Fatigue
       ● Blurred vision
       ● Numbness or tingling in the feet or hands
       ● Sores that do not heal
       ● Unexplained weight loss





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